Consent for urgent treatment is needed for a minor. The parents are unable to be at the hospital. What action by the nurse constitutes informed consent?
a) Treating the minor and obtaining written informed consent when the parent arrives
b) Explaining the needed treatment to the minor and documenting this action
c) Telephone consent with two witnesses listening simultaneously
d) Contacting the institution's attorney to provide and document consent
Answer: Telephone consent with two witnesses listening simultaneously